Ayurveda describes experience through twenty gunas, arranged as ten opposing pairs: heavy/light, cold/hot, oily/dry, slow/sharp, stable/mobile, soft/hard, smooth/rough, dense/liquid, gross/subtle, cloudy/clear.
The single most practical principle follows from this: like increases like, and opposites balance. If you feel dry and cold (Vata), you are soothed by what is moist and warm. If you feel hot and intense (Pitta), you are soothed by what is cool and calm.
You don't need to memorise the list. Just notice a quality you're feeling too much of, and gently invite its opposite — through food, environment, and practice.